Main Challenges in Crypto

Main Challenges in Crypto

Now, August 2024, develope a rollup blockchain is not difficult any more due to SDK of Arbitrum, zkSync. However, rollup is not perfect. See What is Rollup actually? (and validium rollup, sovereign rollups) for the arguing definition of rollups! 

According to Vitalik Buterin: Rollups batch transactions off-chain while posting data to Ethereum for security, providing scaling through compression. Validiums also enable off-chain transactions but use zero-knowledge proofs for validity without publishing transactions on-chain. The main difference between the two is data availability. In a rollup, the data is available on-chain, while in a validium, the data is stored off-chain and only a hash is stored on-chain.

Also according to Vitalik: 51% attack can happen if an Ethereum's rollup uses external DA layer instead of storing data on Ethereum. 

As of August 2024, developing a rollup blockchain has become significantly easier thanks to the SDKs provided by Arbitrum and zkSync. However, rollups are not without their imperfections. For a deeper understanding and to explore the debated definitions of rollups, including validium rollups and sovereign rollups, see "What is Rollup Actually?"

Some concepts related to Rollup are:
- Bridges: Whiteboard Crypto channel, Coingecko channel, EatTheBlock channel 

- Data Availability layers: Celestia, Near DA, Ethereum, Avail

- Cross-chain protocols (for token and messages = cross-chain data): 

    + New: Chainlink CCIP video, Polygon CCIP, EigenLayer

    + Old: Cosmos ICB, Pokadot Relay chain 

- Interchain Security of Cosmos (cross-chain consensus)